Aljunid S. The role of private doctors and their interactions with public health services in Asian countries. Health Policy Plan. 1995;10(4):333–49. While the public sector is seen as a reservoir of potentials and resources that are at the heart of delivering important public services, the private sector is seen for its ability to leverage its expertise to leverage significant added value from these resources. The potential of the public sector will not be fully exploited without the private sector, whose participation can expand opportunities through the following disciplines and skills: business incentives; Focus on customer requirements; new and innovative approaches and better business and management skills. PPPs are not limited to privatization. The main drivers of improving the efficiency of a privatization project are freedom of investment, management skills and the pursuit of profit. Three main factors draw a line between our current partnership practices (privatization) and those of PPPs: Rangan S, Juvekar S, Rasalpurkar S, Morankar S, Joshi A, Porter J. Fighting TUBERCULOSIS in Rural India: Lessons from Public-Private Cooperation.
Int J Tuberculosis lung disease. 2004;8( 5):552–9. • The definition – by the public sector – of the services to be provided by the private sector and the freedom of the private sector to provide these services, and Chongwe G, Kapata N, Maboshe M, Michelo C, Babaniyi O. A survey to assess the extent of the dots public-private mix in the treatment of tuberculosis in Zambia. African J Primary Health Care Family Med. 2015;7(1):1–7. In the field of health research, a successful PPP has been established in Texas (USA) to prevent childhood obesity by focusing research on improving the health of children, families and communities through etiological, epidemiological, methodological and interventional research [55]. Other successful partnerships (e.g. B, Medicines for Malaria Venture and Global Alliance for TB Drug Development) have been implemented to facilitate universal access to essential medicines and health services and to accelerate research and development of vaccines, diagnostics and medicines for neglected diseases [52]. Kim HJ, Bai G-H, Kang MK, Kim SJ, Lee JK, Cho S-I, et al.
A model of public-private cooperation for treatment interventions to improve outcomes for TB patients in the private sector. Tuberculosis respiratory diseases. 2009;66(5):349–57. Arora V, Gupta R. Private-public mix: a prioritization within the framework of the RNTCP – an Indian perspective. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2004;46(1):27–38. Ribeiro CA, Vilma A, Medeiros KAB, de Araúo Morais KM.
Public-private partnership in the prevention of influenza among industrial workers in the state of Ceara. Eur J Sustainable development. 2016;5(3):527–31. Ramiah I., Reich MR. Building Effective Public-Private Partnerships: Lessons learned and lessons learned from Africa`s Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Partnerships (ACHAP). 2006;63(2):397–408. PPPs can achieve better and more stable performance by improving existing health infrastructure, using trained human resources and, in particular, by better monitoring doctors and professionals and managed organisations [67]. While implementing a PPP model is not easy, it may be even more difficult to maintain it [51].
The sustainability of participatory models is one of the important topics. Lack of financial support and commitment, particularly at the executive level, is among the problems that can distort the sustainability of the model [9, 51, 68]. Therefore, the sustainability of any PPP model depends on capacity, commitment, collaboration and communication between the public and private sectors [9, 32, 51, 70]. Mudyarabikwa O, Regmi K. Public-private partnerships and efficiency in public procurement of primary health infrastructure: qualitative research at NHS UK. J Public health. 2016;24(2):91–100. Ejaz I, Shaikh BT, Rizvi N. ONG and Government Partnership to Strengthen Health Systems: a qualitative study presenting the views of the government, ONG and donors in Pakistan. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11(1):122.
PPPs aim to change the way government does business and interacts with the private sector. Bring the broad skills, experience and financial resources of the private sector to the wide range of public sector activities for new and innovative solutions. Kell K, Aymerich MA, Horn V. FDI-Unilever Brush Day & Night Partnership: 12 years of improved behaviour for better oral health. Int Dent J. 2018;68:3–6. 1. The introduction of private ownership of state-owned enterprises, using the full range of possible structures and selling a majority or minority stake; Oluoha C, Umeh C, Ahaneku H. Evaluation of the contributions of private health institutions as part of an innovative public-private partnership in child immunization in Nigeria. J Public Health Afr. 2014;5(1):40–2. Silk H, Gusha J, Adler B, Sachs Leicher E, Finison LJ, Huppert ME, et al.
The Central Massachusetts Oral Health Initiative (CMOHI): a successful public-private collaboration in healthcare. J Public Health Tooth. 2010;70(4):308–12. Malmborg R, Man G, Thomson R, Squire SB. Can public-private cooperation promote the detection of tuberculosis cases among the poor and vulnerable? Bull World Health Commission. 2006;84:752–8. Despite various challenges, PPPs could offer a good opportunity to facilitate access to health services, especially in remote areas. However, it should be noted that the success of PPPs depends on the transparency of relations between partners, the flexibility of PPPs, a sustainable source of financing, mutual commitment and the ability of the public sector to monitor and control the quality of services provided by the private sector.
Therefore, governments should consider long-term plans and sustainable strategies to start such partnerships and learn from the experiences of other countries. Singh A, Mavalankar DV, Bhat R, Desai A, Patel S, Singh PV, et al. Provide skilled obstetricians and emergency obstetric care to the poor through a partnership with private sector obstetricians in Gujarat, India. Bull World Health Commission. 2009;87:960–4. Alexander N, Rowe S, Brackett RE, Burton-Freeman B, Hentges EJ, Kretser A, et al. Creating a transparent and actionable framework for public-private partnerships for food and nutrition research. At J Clin Nutr.
2015;101(6):1359–63. The stimulating business of long-term public-private partnerships: reflections on local experiences. Public Adm Rev. 2006;66(3):400–11. Ahmed F, Nisar N. Public-private partnership scenario in the health care system of Pakistan/Projet de partenariat public-prive dans le systeme de sante du Pakistan. East Mediterr Health J. 2010;16(8):910. Ganguly P, Jehan K, de Costa A, Mavalankar D, Smith H. Considerations of Private Sector Obstetricians to Participate in the Public Program “Chiranjeevi Yojana” to Promote Institutional Procurement in Gujarat, India: A Qualitative Study.
BMC pregnancy delivery. 2014;14(1):352. Different types of public-private partnerships include: Joudyian, N., Doshmangir, L., Mahdavi, M. et al. Public-Private Partnerships in Primary Health Care: A Scoping Review. BMC Health Serv Res 21, 4 (2021). doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05979-9 Privatization has served to define the relationship between the public and private sectors, where it has created thousands of employment opportunities and created multiplier effects to stimulate the economy as a whole. Nevertheless, he is still viewed with suspicion and skepticism.
The government needs to identify the reasons for these gaps and address the key gaps in these programs. Ghanashyam B. Can public-private partnerships improve health in India? Lancet. 2008;372(9642):878–9. Français LM, Guthrie J. Advancing private funded projects in Australia: How do they tick? Accounting. Auditing Accountability J. 2003;16(3):493–511. Minow M. Public and Private Partnerships: Consideration of the New Religion.
==References==2003;116(5):1229–70. Balasubramanian R, Rajeswari R, Vijayabhaskara R, Jaggarajamma K, Gopi P, Chandrasekaran V, et al. A model of rural public-private partnership to fight tuberculosis in southern India. 2006;10(12):1380–5. Dewan PK, Lal S, Lonnroth K, Wares F, Uplekar M, Sahu S, et al. Improving tuberculosis control through public-private cooperation in India: Literature review. Bmj. 2006;332(7541):574–8. Tanzil S, Zahidie A, Ahsan A, Kazi A, Shaikh BT. A case study of outsourced primary health services in Sindh, Pakistan: Is this a real reform? BMC Health Serv Res. 2014;14(1):277.
Baig M, Panda B, Das JK, Chauhan AS. Is a public-private partnership an effective alternative to government in providing primary health care? A case study in Odisha. J Health management. 2014;16(1):41–52. Handler AS, Henderson VA, Rosenfeld A, Rankin K, Jones B, Issel LM. Illinois Breast and Cervical Cancer Program: Implementing Effective Public-Private Partnerships to Ensure Public Health. □ practice of public health management. 2015;21(5):459–66. Dr Argaw, Woldegiorgis AG, Abate DT, Abebe ME. Improving malaria case management in the formal private sector through a public-private partnership in Ethiopia: a retrospective descriptive study. Malar J.
2016;15(1):352. Newell JN, Pande SB, Baral SC, Bam DS, Malla P. Urban TB control in Nepal: public-private partnership. Bull World Health Commission. 2004;82:92–8. Joloba M, Mwangi C, Alexander H, Nadunga D, Bwanga F, Modi N, et al. Strengthening the TB Sample Referral Network in Uganda: The Role of Public-Private Partnerships. J Infectious diseases. 2016;213(suppl_2):S41–S6. For governments and citizens, PPPs offer a way to stem the “bottomless chasm” of the potential costs of universal health coverage by limiting long-term commitments and leveraging ultra-lean healthcare models. For the private sector, UHC-focused PPPs offer the opportunity for large-scale projects in healthcare markets that are showing growth not seen in the West in a generation.
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